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London to Glasgow
Journey type: Intercity travel along major motorways
Distance travelled: 405 miles
Time journey time: 8 hours
Time spent charging: 1 hour
Number of stops: 3
Similar international journey: New York to Washington D.C. – chargepoints along the route are operated by 8 different networks.
Key issue: Interoperability and reliability.
- You need to download and register on 11 separate apps before leaving to ensure you have the ability to charge and pay at different charge points along the way.
- If it takes you 15 minutes to download and register your details on one app, then this means you have to spend nearly 3 hours downloading and registering on apps before your journey even begins.
- Unreliable chargepoints can add both anxiety and inconvenience when planning long journeys in an EV.
Click the arrows to walk through each step of the journey from London to Glasgow
Imagine you live in London and are looking to travel to Glasgow for the COP 26 conference in November. You live in a house with a drive, so you plug your all-electric Jaguar I-PACE car overnight the night before. It takes just under 13 hours to fully charge, so you wake up to a fully charged car in the morning with a range of 292 miles.
You look up your route on Zap Map to check the charging stations before you leave and make sure you’ve downloaded the apps for all of the charging points you plan to use along the way, including:
- Ecotricity/Gridserve
- BP pulse
- Shell recharge
- Ionity
- ChargePlace Scotland
- Osprey
- Pod Point
- InstaVolt
- Clenergy EV
- E.ON Drive
- GeniePoint
After 156 miles you stop to charge near Stoke-on-Trent with 47% charge.
There are 8 50 kW rapid chargers in the area along your route - your app shows you that 3 are out of service and 2 have a cars currently charging at them, so you have 3 rapid chargers to choose from.
You choose a chargepoint just off the A50 with a fast food restaurant on site. You leave, go inside and have some lunch as your car charges. A half hour later you come back and your car is back up to 73% charge (214 mile range).
You continue your drive North and stop again after another 160 miles (now at 18% charge) in Gretna Green. There are two rapid chargers (43-50 KW) available at a hotel. Your app says they are operational and when you arrive they are free, however you struggle to get your charge authorised through the app, meaning you have to leave and find another chargepoint.
You drive a further mile up the road to a group of chargers operated by a different network at a service station, you plug into a 50KW rapid charger and manage to get the charge authorised. You go get a cup of coffee inside and wait. A half hour later your car is back to 45% charge (131 mile range) - more than enough to get you the final 82 miles to Glasgow.
There are around 60 chargers in central Glasgow (14 of which are rapid chargers).
You drive to a car park and plug into a slow charger so your car can charge over night without you having to worry about coming back to move it later in the night.
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Grocery Shopping and Commuting in Matlock
Journey type: Driving in semi-rural or rural areas
Distance travelled: 3 miles
Time journey time: 3 hours and 15 minutes
Time spent charging: 3 hours
Number of stops: 3
Similar international journey: The town of Waren, Germany has a population of 21,000 people and only 2 public chargepoints.
Key issue: Insufficient fast chargers outside of urban areas
- There are only 6 unrestricted chargepoints in your local town, none of which are rapid chargers.
- Since you do not have the ability to charge at home, you have to spend multiple hours at one of the few on-street chargepoints in town.
- This can become an issue when the nearby chargepoints are in use or out of service, meaning you have to drive several miles out of your way to find another chargepoint.
Click the arrows to walk through each step of the journey around Matlock
Imagine you live in the outskirts of Matlock, a small town in rural Derbyshire. You have a Nissan LEAF with a range of up to 168 miles. You typically use your EV to drive to and from work (30 miles round trip) and to run errands in town. This means a full charge could last you up to a week.
However, you live in an apartment block without a drive and have no way to charge your EV at home, meaning you have to rely on the publicly available chargers nearby. There are only 6 unrestricted chargepoints nearby all operated by D2N2 or bp pulse, with Type 2 (7kW) connectors. It would take 6 hours to charge your EV from empty to full using the publicly available (7kW) chargepoints. So normally you top up your charge for a half hour on your way home from work, typically maintaining between 70%-100% charge. But this week you’ve been busy and haven’t had time to charge your EV.
You try to go grocery shopping at the weekend but realise you have 5% charge (8 miles). You worry this won’t be enough to get you the 5-mile round trip to the grocery store and then to a working chargepoint in case the nearest ones are in use or out of service.
The nearest 50 kW rapid charger is 7 miles away and out of service, making the closest one 12 miles away and beyond your range. You have to use one of the 7 kW fast chargers in town.
You drive 1 mile to the closest 4 chargepoints but two are in use and 2 are out of service.
You drive an additional mile to a chargepoint at Whitworth Hospital, but when you get there a car is parked in front of the chargepoint, making it inaccessible.
You drive to the last chargepoint nearby another mile up the road and, luckily, find it is available with only 3% (5 miles) charge left.
You plug your car in, take a walk around town, run some errands, and look to get lunch. You come back after an hour and find your car has only reached 16%.
Considering you will need it charged for your commute during the week, you wait another 2 hours to get up to 50% charge.
Finally, 3 hours after you left your apartment, your car has 50% charge and you’re ready to go grocery shopping. Your 1-hour grocery shopping trip has turned into 4 hours because you have to rely on slow public chargers and need your car charged for your commute. The next day you’ll need to give up another 3 hours to get your car back up to full charge (or travel to the nearest working rapid chargepoint 12 miles away to charge faster but more expensively) before your work week starts.
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Holyhead to Cardiff
Journey type: Inter-city travel without major motorways
Distance travelled: 199 miles
Time journey time: 6 hours
Time spent charging: 1 hours and 15 minutes
Number of stops: 1
Similar international journey: The hour and a half journey between Hinoemata and Kaneyama, Fukushima in Japan only has two chargepoints along it.
Key issue: Range anxiety due to insufficient chargers
- In areas where on-street charging is scarce and EV drivers do not have the ability to charge at home, charging an EV can add several hours onto a journey.
- Going on a journey with long stretches of road without any available chargepoints can be nerve-wracking for EV drivers, especially considering it means they must rely on one or two chargepoints being in service and available for them to complete their trip.
Click the arrows to walk through each step of the journey from Holyhead to Cardiff
Imagine you’re travelling from Holyhead to Cardiff to visit a friend for a weekend in your Hyundai Ioniq 5, which has a range of 238 miles. There are only 3 unrestricted rapid chargers on the drive between Holyhead and Cardiff, operated by Osprey, GeniePoint and Pod Point. You live in terraced housing with no off-street parking, so you aren’t able to charge your car at home. There are 10 unrestricted chargers in Holyhead, operated by Ev Charge.Online, ZeroNet, Pod Point, and Ecotricity. Only 3 of these chargers are rapid.
The day before your journey you realise you need to charge your car fully before you leave given the scarcity of chargepoints along the way. Your car has 50% charge after work on Friday. You look for chargepoints to connect to and find that 2 of the rapid points are in use and 1 has issues reported with it. Instead, you have to connect to a fast (7kW) charger, which will take 4.5 hours to charge your car from 50% to full. You plug in and go for a walk around town, do some shopping, and wait for your car to fill up. It’s 10pm when you finally get home with a fully charged car.
The next morning you start your journey to Cardiff. You drive most of the way to Cardiff, stopping at the 2nd available 50 kW rapid chargepoint along the way - 149 miles into the drive.
There is only one chargepoint here, operated by GeniePoint. There is already a car charging so you have to decide either to wait or continue on. Given the range of your EV, you could make it the remainder of the trip to Cardiff without charging at this stop, but you are nervous that you’ll get very low on charge and there won’t be any chargepoints near enough to use. So, you decide to wait 45 minutes for them to finish, plug in, and go grab a coffee nearby while you charge your car from 37% to 76% in 30 minutes.
You then drive the final 50 miles to Cardiff. You get to Cardiff with 55% charge.
When you get to Cardiff you’re able to plug your car into your friend’s house, it charges up to full in about 4 hours.
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And then this is body copy underneath
| Lithium-ion battery production capacity | |
| Current battery capacity (GWh, 2021) | |
| China | 558 |
| EU 27 | 66 |
| US | 44 |
| Japan | 17 |
| Germany | 11 |
| UK | 2 |
| Norway | 0 |
| India | 0 |
| Netherlands | 0 |
Germany
Summary
Rank: 6th Score: 42%
Top 3 for: Source of electricity from renewables; interoperability and reliability
Bottom 3 for: Price of electricity; electricity grid infrastructure
Progress towards net zero (3rd)
Total net GHG emissions (2019): 793,335 ktco2e
Change in net emissions 1990-2019: -37.7%
Total net GHG emissions (2019): 793,335 ktco2e
Change in net emissions 1990-2019: -37.7%
ICE phase out date (6th)
Germany is part of the ZEV Alliance and has therefore set the target of all passenger vehicle sales to be ZEV by 2050. However, this is not binding and yet to be yet rreflected in the national Climate Action Plan.
Germany is doing relatively well with its progress towards net zero, although it has failed to commit to a binding ICE phase out date (despite being part of the ZEV Alliance). Despite this, Germany has promising projected lithium-ion battery production expectations, with the current capacity to produce 11GWh (17%) of the EU’s total and 164 GWh by 2025.1 Germany also offers strong purchase subsidies for EVs, with high levels of funding going into infrastructure and R&D.